This is a text-only version of the following page on https://raymii.org: --- Title : Raspberry Pi unattended upgrade Raspbian to Debian Testing Author : Remy van Elst Date : 27-07-2016 URL : https://raymii.org/s/blog/Raspberry_Pi_Raspbian_Unattended_Upgrade_Jessie_to_Testing.html Format : Markdown/HTML --- I'm working on a Nitrokey/SmartCard-HSM cluster article and therefore I needed three identical computers. The current version of Raspbian (2016-05-27) is based on Debian Jessie and comes with a version of OpenSC that is too old (0.14) to work with the Nitrokey/SmartCard-HSM. Since there is no Ubuntu 16.04 official image yet I decided to upgrade Raspbian to Debian Testing. Since I don't want to answer yes to any config file changes or service restarts I figured out how to do an unattended dist-upgrade. ![][1] > The 3-Pi HSM cluster to be used for the cluster articles

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The [Nitrokey HSM][3] is an open hardware and open software device. It is a USB version of the [SmartCard-HSM][4]. Both the [SmartCard-HSM][5] as the [Nitrokey HSM][6] have sources available and are fully supported by the [OpenSC][7] project. I have multiple [articles on][8] the [Nitrokey HSM/SmartCard-HSM][9]. I also have a lot of professional experience with large expensive HSM hardware. ### ARM repositories Since Raspbian is a fork of Debian I first checked if there were any testing repositories in [the mirrors][10] and as it turns out, [there are][11]. Since the current version ships with `OpenSC 0.14` and there is a `0.16` package in the repo [here][12] I suspected that that was the testing package. Installing it on Jessie failed however, so a `dist-upgrade` it was. ### dist-upgrade A regular repository change in `sources.list` and a `dist-upgrade` are very interactive. It involves manual editing and the `apt` upgrade asks a lot of questions, for example, retain a config file, restart services, changelogs, etc. Since I tend to reinstall Pi SD cards often I don't want to do that manual process every time. So here are the commands to do an unattended upgrade to `testing`. Which in my case works the 7 times I tried now, without asking questions. Do note that in your case it might hose your Pi and destroy all data and projects on it, **so make sure you have a tested working backup**. Place this in a file named `upgrade.sh`: # vim upgrade.sh # Remove any third party sources rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/* # Change te repo's sed -i -e 's/jessie/testing/g' /etc/apt/sources.list # Update package lists apt-get update ## UPGRADE ALL THE THINGS!!! DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive DEBIAN_PRIORITY=critical apt-get -q -y -o "Dpkg::Options::=--force-confdef" -o "Dpkg::Options::=--force-confold" dist-upgrade # Remove no longer needed packages DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive DEBIAN_PRIORITY=critical apt-get -q -y -o "Dpkg::Options::=--force-confdef" -o "Dpkg::Options::=--force-confold" autoremove --purge # FINISH HIM reboot Save it and then run it to start the upgrade: bash ./upgrade.sh ### Debian upgrade, unattended explanation Debian packages can prompt a user during install to generate custom configuration, or in the case of MySQL, set a root password. It can also have messages with different priorities. The `critical` priority is (almost) never used so it won't prompt you. The `noninteractive` frontend tells the terminal that you're not able to answer any questions. The two `Dpkg::Options` mean the following: * `--force-confdef`: upgrade the configuration file if there are no local changes * `--force-confold`: otherwise, preserve the existing configuration file If you supply `--force-confnew` instead of `--force-confold` it will overwrite any changes by the new config file. If you want to install a package unattended you know will ask questions (like MySQL), then you can use `debconf` to set the answer to those questions beforehand (scriptable, yay). In the case of MySQL on 12.04: echo mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server/root_password password P@ssw0rd | debconf-set-selections echo mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server/root_password_again password P@ss0wrd | debconf-set-selections You can view all possible selections (questions) with the `debconf-get- selections` command: debconf-get-selections | grep mysql-server Output: mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server/root_password_again password mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server/root_password password mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server/error_setting_password error mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-5.5/postrm_remove_databases boolean false mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-5.5/start_on_boot boolean true If `debconf` is not installed, the package `debconf-utils` provides it. [1]: https://raymii.org/s/inc/img/hsmcluster.jpg [2]: https://www.digitalocean.com/?refcode=7435ae6b8212 [3]: http://nitrokey.com [4]: http://www.smartcard-hsm.com/ [5]: http://www.smartcard-hsm.com/opensource.html [6]: https://github.com/nitrokey [7]: https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC/wiki/SmartCardHSM [8]: https://raymii.org/s/articles/Get_Started_With_The_Nitrokey_HSM.html [9]: https://raymii.org/s/articles/Nitrokey_HSM_in_Apache_with_mod_nss.html [10]: http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/ [11]: http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/testing/ [12]: http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/pool/main/o/opensc/ --- License: All the text on this website is free as in freedom unless stated otherwise. 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